https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50091 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:34:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46301 −1 lamb meat, and 0.28 pg g(⁻¹-2.75 ng g⁻¹ bovine meat), heavy metals (0.5–33.0 mg kg⁻¹ lettuce), organochlorine pesticides (11–199 μg g⁻¹ carrots), cyclodienes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexabromocyclododecane (2–3 times higher than in conventionally produced porcine meat), hexachlorobenzene (1.38–14.49 ng g⁻¹ fat in milk), and non-brominated flame retardants (1.3–3.2 times higher than in conventional produce of greenhouse-grown tomato and cucumber). Moreover, some pollutants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with a longer half-life (1.50–9.10 yrs) are reported to occur in several organic products. In fact, several legacy persistent organic pollutants are known for their significant trophic magnification in an urban terrestrial ecosystem. In addition, many plant functionalities are adversely affected in organic farming. Therefore, the long-term usage of organic products containing such pollutants poses a significant threat to human health. The major limitation in organic livestock production is the severe shortage of organic feed. Several variable standards and technical regulations set by the government and private agencies are the major obstacles in the global marketing of organic products. The present review critically addresses the impact of organic farming on hidden risks due to the use of composts as the amendment resources that enhance the phytoaccumulation and trophic transfer of pollutants, the functional diversity of the ecosystems, and poor harmonization among the policies and regulations in different countries for organic farming. The future directions of research have been suggested to mitigate unintended flows of pollutants into the organic products.]]> Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:51:33 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48921 Wed 19 Apr 2023 15:56:22 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30718 n = 162) with the highest fraction being 98.6%. The daily intake of inorganic As from rice ranged between 0.38 and 1.92 µg/kg BW in different districts. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for individuals due to the consumption of rice varied between 0.57 × 10^-3 to 2.88 × 10^-3 in different districts, and 0.54 × 10^-3 to 2.12 × 10 ^-3 in different varieties, higher than the US EPA thresho ld. The 2-10 age group experiences higher carcinogenic risks than others and females are more susceptible than males.]]> Wed 15 Dec 2021 16:10:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47041 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:34:42 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30719 in vivo assay using swine was used to measure the absolute bioavailability (AB) of As from cooked rice of twelve genotypes commonly grown in Bangladesh. An assessment of both total As in rice and its bioavailability is crucial for estimating human exposure following dietary intake by the local community. Average As concentrations in each rice genotype ranged from 108 ± 4 μg/kg to 580 ± 6 μg/kg. Arsenic speciation shows that most of the rice genotype contains 73 to 100% inorganic As. Swine were administered with As orally and via intravenous method, i.e. injection and fed certain common Bangladeshi rice genotypes (cooked). Swine blood As levels were measured to calculate As bioavailability from rice. Pilot studies shows that for As(III) and As(V), 90.8 ± 12.4% and 85.0 ± 19.2% of the administered oral dose was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract whereas organic As was poorly absorbed resulting in low bioavailability values 20.2 ± 2.6% (MMA) to 31.2 ± 3.4% (DMA), respectively. These studies demonstrates that rice genotypic characters influenced As bioavailability in rice grown in As-contaminated areas and the bioavailability varied between 25% and 94%. Arsenic in salt tolerant rice genotypes Binadhan-10 and BRRI dhan47 as well as brown rice genotypes Kheali Boro and Local Boro has lower bioavailability (< 50%) compared to other rice genotypes. The most commonly cultivated and consumed variety (BRRI dhan28) has As bioavailability of 70%, which poses a significant risk to consumers. Calculation of maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) for humans due to consumption of rice based on bioavailability data was higher than those calculated based on inorganic and organic As concentration in rice genotypes.]]> Wed 06 Apr 2022 14:04:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49060 Wed 03 May 2023 15:53:57 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38834 Tue 15 Feb 2022 12:23:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47079  Pb > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr > As, while the contamination degree (CD) values indicated moderate to considerable level of contamination. Furthermore, the study site posed low to moderate ecological risks, despite the fact that non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats from various pathways of exposure appear insignificant, with children being more vulnerable than adults.]]> Tue 13 Dec 2022 16:28:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38981 Saccostrea glomerata, a model aquatic bio-indicator organism. The concentration and distribution patterns of parent and polar PAHs including oxygenated PAHs (oxyPAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and heterocyclic PAHs (HPAHs) were determined in water, sediment and oysters from an ecologically and economically important estuary of New South Wales, Australia. Total concentrations of PAHs, oxyPAHs, NPAHs and HPAHs were higher in sediments compared to oyster tissue and water. For most polar PAHs, total concentrations for water, sediment and oyster samples were <1 μg/g (μg/l for water) while parent PAH concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher. Computed biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) on lipid-normalized oyster concentrations revealed that while ∑oxyPAHs and ∑HPAHs exhibited low accumulation from sediment to oyster tissues (BSAF <1), ∑PAHs and ∑NPAH were found to be accumulated at high levels (BSAF >1). BSAF individual computation showed that bioaccumulation of nine investigated HPAHs in oyster tissues were relatively low and only 2-EAQ (oxyPAH) and 1N-NAP (NPAH) showed high levels of accumulation in oyster tissues, similar to parent PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known study on the bioavailability of polar and non-polar PAHs in an Australian aquatic environment. The outcome of this study might be a useful indicator of the potential risks of polar PAHs to humans and other living organisms.]]> Thu 24 Mar 2022 13:44:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29676 Thu 14 Apr 2022 11:03:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52555 Mon 22 Apr 2024 14:04:28 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39217 Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) accumulated Pb to a greater extent than other vegetables and exceeded the permissible concentration for foodstuffs. The Cd content of Solanum melongena (Brinjal) also exceeded permissible levels. However, the As content was below permissible levels for all the vegetables tested. The weekly total heavy metal(loid) intake of Cd, As and Pb in vegetables in CKDu-impacted areas was lower than permissible limits. The consumption of an average amount of vegetables does not pose a chronic health risk to the consumers. There was no evidence of a link between the consumption of heavy metal(loid)s in vegetables and CKDu. Since, few vegetables showed marked heavy metal(loid) accumulation, periodical monitoring of heavy metal(loid) concentrations in vegetables will be beneficial for avoidance of future possible health risks.]]> Fri 27 May 2022 11:30:28 AEST ]]>